By Priv.-Doz. Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Biol. H.-J. Wagner (auth.)
ISBN-10: 3540090134
ISBN-13: 9783540090137
ISBN-10: 3642670717
ISBN-13: 9783642670718
In many elements of vertebrate and invertebrate crucial worried structures, teams of nerve or receptor cells are available which are prepared and attached in keeping with an exact, functionally outlined trend (Braitenberg, 1973; Santini, 1975; Strausfeld, 1976; Chan-Palay, 1977). In those instances, teams of mobilephone our bodies or synapses look as primarily comparable configurations, which, despite the fact that, are various intimately from one another. Such summary styles of connectivity are of a statistical nature and don't let, in a given instance, for the prediction of the localization or connections of a specific mobile. "Wiring diagrams", hence, could be received purely from a mess of person observations. against this, in numerous sensory organs, concrete styles happen that con sist of a standard, mosaic-like, and geometric association of comparable mobilephone forms. The fidelity of the sort of mosaic permits predictions approximately convinced devices of the trend at the foundation of just a couple of exemplary observations. ordinary examples are present in the visible procedure: within the compound eye of bugs, each one ommatidium encompasses a yes variety of visible cells which are grouped round the optical axis in a hexogonal array (Kirsch feld, 1967); within the vertebrate retina, mosaics of geometrically prepared cones are stumbled on most often in decrease vertebrates; they're universal between teleosts. a few reviews have handled their phylogenetic importance and their useful position as version to precise environments or modes of feeding.
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Additional info for Cell Types and Connectivity Patterns in Mosaic Retinas
Sample text
The central electron-lucent cleft is 7 nm wide in Nannacara (Figs. l8a and 19a). It contains fine, filamentous material. The adjacent electron-dense layers consist of small globular subunits. They have a total thickness of about 10 nm each. The lateral border of these dark layers is ill defined; up to a distance of about 30 nm the cone cytoplasm is filled with fine filaments; synaptic vesicles are never found in this area. In other fishes, the total thickness of the individual sub layers may differ from the values of Nannacara.
In routine electron-microscopic preparations of tangential sections through the layer of visual cell pedic1es, the different types of cone mosaics are easily recognized. 41 Fig. 14. Tangential section through the external plexiform layer or Serrasalmus marginatus. Lowpower electron micrograph. The pedicles of the accessory single cones (ascp) have been outlined in black in order to facilitate recognition of the cone mosaic. The arrangement of double cone pedicles (dcp) is less regular than in Nannacara; often they form slightly distorted rhombi.
Examples of such pattern formations are found in vertebrates, above all in sensory organs such as the organ of Corti and the retina. In the visual system, these patterns are common in other animal classes, too. They are not only found in retinas of different vertebrates, but may also be observed in the ommatidia of the complex eyes of different arthropod classes such as insects and crayfish. ft. J-. • • Pol. '" ~. I'I""''' Fig. 9a-h. Cone mosaic types in various teleost species. a. ) and central single cones (seel).
Cell Types and Connectivity Patterns in Mosaic Retinas by Priv.-Doz. Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Biol. H.-J. Wagner (auth.)
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