By S. Vigneron
ISBN-10: 0444817891
ISBN-13: 9780444817891
The aim of the symposium used to be to provide contemporary advances in characterization and keep an eye on of odour and unstable natural compound emissions within the surroundings, and to give a contribution to the cutting-edge of dimension and sampling instruments, influence prediction tools and abatement options. themes coated have been: Legislative features; Emission characterization; Abatement applied sciences, either recuperative and harmful; and aid equipment. except the worldwide difficulties of weather, all points in terms of the place of work setting and legitimate rules are mentioned.
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Additional info for Characterization and Control of Odours and VOC in the Process Industries
Sample text
It is obvious that other hypothesis of valorization would result in different specific costs. Estimates have been worked out for : - three operating times in the year (1900 - 4 600 and 8 000 h/ ear), - four upstream VOC concentrations (0,3- 1 - 3 and 10 g/Nm ), - solvent fluxes varying from 1 to 1 000 Vyear. Without entering into the detail of results, it is interesting to keep in mind the following orders of magnitude (without Solvent Management Plans) according to the VOC concentrations to be treated (figure 2) : Y 41 For 2 Vyear treated : from 70 to 210 FF/kg of VOC not emitted For 10 Vyear treated : from 20 to 80 FF/kg of VOC not emitted For 100 Vyear treated : from 4 to 40 FF/kg of VOC not emitted Figure 2 Specific treatment costs in two cases of VOC concentration (0,3 and 10 g/Nm3) 8 30 0 01 1 10 1W 42 These costs concern new installations as well as existing installations ; they do not take into account the fact that, for some solvents (Group A and B of the Annex II), limit concentrations are of 2 to 20 mg/Nm3 and would result in much higher costs.
By discussing with operators, it seems that in many cases, cost of substitution techniques are not considerably different from cost of abatement techniques. ), - the energy consumption, - the homologation of manufacture procedures (aeronautic, pharmacy), - the productivity, - the psychology of operators. On figure 2, it is not so surprising to observe that specific costs are not very different from one technique to an other one. If one of these techniques was really less expansive than the other ones, it would have spread more rapidly ; in reality, all these techniques are very competitive for a long time and they have all advantages and limitations.
The Procotol to the Convention on Long Distance Transport of Atmospheric Pollution of 1979, relating to VOC emissions, requests a VOC emission reduction of 30 % (between 1988 and 1999 for France). As a follow-up of this Protocol, the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) is preparing a draft Directive on the "limitation of emissions of organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain processes and industrial installations", The aim of this Directive is to provide for measures and procedures to limit the emissions of organic compounds from the following processes and industrial installations as far as they fall within the thresholds given in the annexes : - Printing, - Surface cleaning, - Coating of new cars, - Dry cleaning, - Coating of metallic, wooden, plastic, textile, fabric, film and paper surfaces, - Impregnation of wooden surfaces, - Leather coating installations, - Adhesives coating processes, - Manufacture of coats, varnishes, inks and adhesives, - Manufacture of rubber intermediates and rubber products, and to prevent or minimize the direct and indirect effects of these emissions, in particular to air, to the environment and the potential risks to human health and, to this end, to set up emission limit values for these processes and industrial installations.
Characterization and Control of Odours and VOC in the Process Industries by S. Vigneron
by Robert
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