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In German, tungsten is called Wolfram and this refers to its ore wolframite. The other common ore is scheelite, which was named after Scheele, the discoverer of tungsten. Scheele was Swedish, and before the ore was called scheelite, it was known as tungsten which translates as ‘heavy stone’. Cobalt (Co) The d-block element cobalt (Co) is known as Kobalt in German. Nickel and cobalt occur in varying amounts in iron ores. When these ores were processed by early miners, ores containing significant amounts of cobalt gave inferior metallic products.

Atoms and isotopes Atoms and atomic number An atom is the smallest unit quantity of an element that is capable of existence, either alone or in chemical combination with other atoms of the same or another element. It consists of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. The simplest atom is hydrogen (strictly, protium, see below) which is made up of one proton and one electron. The Atoms and isotopes 13 proton of a hydrogen atom is its nucleus, but the nucleus of any other atom consists of protons and neutrons.

5 An element is matter, all of whose atoms are alike in having the same positive charge on the nucleus. The elements The recommended IUPAC definition of an element states that ‘an element is matter, all of whose atoms are alike in having the same positive charge on the nucleus’. 2). Metals, non-metals and semi-metals In the United States, Al is known as aluminum. Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals or semi-metals. g. lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminium, scandium, chromium, titanium, vanadium, hafnium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and palladium.

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