Jurgen Gerhards's Cultural Overstretch: Differences between Old and New Member PDF

Read or Download Cultural Overstretch: Differences between Old and New Member States of the EU and Turkey (Routledge European Sociological Association Studies in European Societies) PDF

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Additional info for Cultural Overstretch: Differences between Old and New Member States of the EU and Turkey (Routledge European Sociological Association Studies in European Societies)

Example text

Some scholars assume that the decline of integration into church in Western societies was not accompanied by a similar decline in individual religiosity. On the basis of an empirical study, Wolfgang Jagodzinski and Karel Dobbelaere prove that the importance of religion in the 1960s and 1970s declined enormously (1993). 1 depicts the rate of citizen membership in different religious denominations using data from the European Values Study. The EVS data for some countries deviates from the results of other surveys and data found in the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Several scholars claim that societal modernization has an impact on the separation of religion from society and politics. The more modernized a society, the greater the support for separation of religion and society. The degree of societal modernization is expressed by multiple factors, such as economic welfare and educational levels. Emile Durkheim formulated the thesis that educational levels influence the separation between religion and society (Durkheim 1983: 177). Education increases the potential for self-reflection and the likelihood of a scholarly and secular outlook on the world.

We operationalize the interviewees’ education by using their highest completed level of education. ” A second assumption of modernization theory is that economic conditions as a determinant of quality of life influence a person’s religious interpretation of the world. This theory stems from the religious sociology of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who incorporated Friedrich Feuerbach’s theory of religion. The growth and persistence of religion is explained in terms of worldly factors: “All religion is nothing more than the phantasmagoric reflection in people’s minds of those external powers that rule their daily existence, a reflection in which the earthly powers assume the form of heavenly ones” (Engels 1973: 294).

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