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Sample text

Scapegoats were needed so most of 10th Air Division’s senior commanders were sacked or reassigned. Osaka and Kobe were hit days later, but remaining Japanese cities enjoyed a temporary respite in late March when the B-29 missions were temporarily shifted to attack kamikaze airbases on Kyushu because of the heavy casualties they were causing the US Navy during operations around Okinawa. The gravity of the situation in April 1945, as well as the imperial approval for the Ketsu-Go plan, forced the IJA and IJN to overcome their usual rivalries and unify the air units in the Home Islands under a new Air General Army on April 15, 1945 under General Masakazu Kawabe.

Airbases on Okinawa placed Japan within reach of US fighter aircraft. On April 5, 1945 Moscow denounced the Russo-Japanese Neutrality Pact and Japanese intelligence had collected evidence that the Red Army had begun to transfer units from the European theater to the Pacific. The most likely threat was a Soviet attack into Manchuria, but an amphibious assault down Sakhalin to Hokkaido could not be ruled out. On April 6, the last major combatants of the IJN including the battleship Yamato sortied from the Inland Sea, but were decimated by American carrier aviation off Kyushu in the last major Japanese fleet action of the war.

The US XX Bomber Command had its own share of problems, as it was difficult to operate out of the remote Chinese bases and precision bombing from high altitudes proved to be a far greater challenge than expected owing to the jet stream, so bombing accuracy was appallingly bad. The slow tempo of US bombing raids changed on November 24, 1944 when the XXI Bomber Command began to stage raids from the closer Marianas. With a growing trend toward suicide tactics, the first aerial ramming attack took place on August 7, 1944.

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